A small crack or severe bruising in a bone caused by repetitive force and overuse, most common in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities.
Stress fractures develop when muscles become fatigued and transfer excessive force to the bone, exceeding its ability to remodel. They are common in runners, military recruits, and athletes who rapidly increase training. Risk factors include low bone density, nutritional deficiencies, female athlete triad, and poor biomechanics.
Athletes with localized bone pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest, particularly those who have recently increased their training load.
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